Background: The prevalence of overweight individuals has increased in recent years. Moreover, the importance of a healthy diet is associated with the practice of physical activity and attempt to verify the achievement of physical exercise influences on food choice. However, it relationship between food intake and physical activity have not been studied. Aim: To evaluate if the period in which the trainings are conducted, morning and nocturne, interfere qualitatively and quantitatively in food consumption as well as verify possible associations between anthropometric profiles and dietary habits. Methods: We collected data from 33 adult volunteers, between men and women, practitioners of bodybuilding. Results: A total of 33 volunteers were interviewed (18 (54.5%) were men and 15 (45.5%) were women). Regarding anthropometric data, it turns out that that the volunteers of the two periods had similar characteristics, differentiating only weight. The consumption of nutritional supplements was observed in 30.77% of the practitioners in the morning period vs. 35% for the nocturne. Considering macronutrient intake, there was a significant difference in the consumption of protein between the periods. The consumption during nocturne period was greater (126 ± 5% of the daily requirement) than the morning period (115.7 ± 2%). As for micro-nutrients, calcium intake was greater among men when compared to women. There was a positive correlation between the BMI, and arm circumference for practitioners of the morning period. Conclusion: This study show that the practitioners who train in the morning have quietly better eating habits than those in the nocturne period, however both are inappropriate.

Antecedentes: La prevalencia de individuos con sobrepeso ha aumentado en los últimos años. Además, la importancia de una dieta saludable se asocia con la práctica de actividad física y los intentos de lograr la realización de la esta actividad influyen en la elección de la dieta. Sin embargo, la relación entre la ingesta dietética y la actividad física no se ha estudiado. Objetivo: Evaluar si el periodo en que se realiza el entrenamiento, diurno y nocturno, interfiere cualitativa y cuantitativamente en el consumo de alimentos, así como comprobar posibles asociaciones entre los perfiles antropométricos y los hábitos dietéticos. Métodos: Recogimos los datos de 33 adultos voluntarios, hombres y mujeres, culturistas. Resultados: se entrevistó a un total de 33 voluntarios (18 (54,5%) hombres y 15 (45,5%) mujeres). Con respecto a los datos antropométricos, los voluntarios de ambos periodos tenían características similares, diferenciándose sólo por el peso. El consumo de suplementos nutritivos se observó en el 30,77% de los culturistas de la mañana frente al 35% de los de la noche. Con respecto al consumo de macronutrientes, hubo una diferencia significativa en el consumo de proteínas entre ambos periodos. El consumo durante el periodo de la noche fue mayor (126 ± 5% de las necesidades diarias) que el de la mañana (115,7 ± 2%). Para los micronutrientes, el consumo de calcio fue superior entre los hombres en comparación con las mujeres. Hubo una correlación positiva entre el IMC y la circunferencia del brazo en los culturistas de la mañana. Conclusión: Este estudio demuestra que los culturistas que se entrenan durante el día tienen hábitos dietéticos más saludables que aquellos que lo hacen por la noche, aunque en ambos son inapropiados.

Background: The measurement of waist circumference (WC) is the most prevalent cause of the metabolic syndrome (MS). Objective: The aim of this study was to correlate WC and BMI with high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) levels in patients with MS being consulted by the Family Health Program (PSF), Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November 2008 with 42 patients (29 women and 13 men) from 35 to 77 years. Dietary intake was reported, and biochemical and body composition measures were taken. Results: The HDL-c levels were higher in women when compared to men (48.4 ± 8.1 mg/dL vs. 36.4 ± 7.8 mg/dL). However, the triglycerides (TG)/HDL-c ratio and TG concentrations were lower in women (3.8 ± 1.5 and 178.0 ± 57.8 mg/dL, respectively) than in men (9.4 ± 8.5 and 471.5 ± 501.5 mg/dL, respectively). Regarding skinfold profile, the triceps was greater in females (37.0 ± 8.4 cm vs. 20.7 ± 10.5 cm). The dietetic profile showed that women had a lower intake of energy, fiber, phosphorus and sodium. The fruits and vegetables intake was diminished in the participants of this study, as less than 60% of the women and 50% of men met the daily recommendations. Approximately 54% of men and 28% of women had a lower intake of dairy products daily. Moreover, the results shows that the WC was negatively correlated to HDL-c (r = -0.41, p < 0.05) whereas the BMI is not associated with HDL-c (r = -0.34, p > 0.06). Conclusion: Our findings showed that WC is a better predictor of changes in HDL-c than BMI.

Antecedentes: La medición de la circunferencia de la cintura (CC) es la causa más prevalente del síndrome metabólico (SM). Objetivo: el propósito de este estudio fue correlacionar la CC y el IMC con las concentraciones de lipoproteínas de densidad elevada (HDL-c) en pacientes con SM vistos en consulta del Programa de salud familiar (PSF), de Brasil. Métodos: Este estudio trasversal se realizó entre septiembre y noviembre de 2008 en 42 pacientes (29 mujeres y 13 hombres) de 35 a 77 años. Se registró la ingesta dietética y se tomaron medidas biomecánicas de la composición corporal. Resultados: las concentraciones de HDL-c fueron significativamente mayores en las mujeres en comparación con los hombres (48,4 ± 8,1 mg/dl frente a 36,4 ± 7,8 mg/dl). Sin embargo, la relación triglicéridos (TG)/HDL-c y las concentraciones totales de TG (3,8 ± 1,5 mg/dl y 178,0 ± 57,8 mg/dl, respectivamente) fueron menores en las mujeres que en los hombres (9,4 ± 8,5 mg/dl y 471,5 (92,0-1793,5) mg/dl, respectivamente). Con respecto al perfil del pliegue cutáneo, el tríceps fue mayor en mujeres (37,0 ± 8,4 cm frente a 20,7 ± 10,5 cm). El perfil dietético mostró que las mujeres tenían un menor aporte de energía, fibra, fósforo y sodio. La ingestión de frutas y verduras fue baja en los participantes en el estudio, menor del 60 y del 50% de las recomendaciones diarias en mujeres y hombres, respectivamente. Aproximadamente, el 54% de lo hombres y el 28% de las mujeres no tomaba productos lácteos a diario. Además, los resultados muestran que la CC se correlaciona negativamente con la HDL-c (r= -0,41, p < 0,05) mientras que el IMC no se asocia con las HDL-c (r = -0,34, p > 0,06). Conclusión: nuestros hallazgos mostraban que la CC es un mejor predictor de los cambios en las HDL-c que el IMC.

Arginine, as a basic amino acid, can alter the pH of a parenteral solution and consequently to interfere in the stabilility of other amino acids. The objective of this study was to analyze the chemical stability of amino acids in solutions for parenteral nutrition with arginine supplementation. Amino acids concentrations were determined using an amino acid analyzer in intervals of 12, 36, 72 hours, 7 and 28 days. Storage temperatures were -20° C, 5° C and 25° C. A decrease was observed (p<0.05) in the concentrations of threonine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, proline and lysine on the 28th day of study, in the solutions kept at 25ºC. The side chains of threonine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, proline and lysine have hydrophobic groups, which renders them less soluble in water when compared to amino acids that have polar side chains. The degradation of lysine was significant in the sample of parenteral nutrition supplemented with arginine, possibly due to the fact that the solution's pH was between 7.5 and 7.6, therefore facilitating the Maillard reaction between lysine and glucose.

Reação de Maillard em soluções parenteral suplementadas com arginina. A arginina sendo um aminoácido básico, pode alterar o pH da solução de nutrição parenteral e consequentemente pode influenciar na estabilidade de outros aminoácidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a estabilidade química dos aminoácidos em soluções de nutrição parenteral com suplementação de arginina. As concentrações dos aminoácidos foram determinadas no analizador de aminoácidos em intervalos de 12, 36, 72 horas, 7 e 28 dias. As temperaturas de estocagem foram -20° C, 5 ° C e 25° C. Foi observado um decréscimo (p<0.05) nas concentrações de treonina, metionina, isoleucina, leucina, prolina e lisina no 28 dia de estudo, nas soluções estocadas a 25ºC. As cadeias laterais de treonina, metionina, isoleucina, leucina, prolina e lisina tem grupos hidrofóbicos o que torna estes aminoácidos menos solúveis em água quando comparados aos aminoácidos que tem cadeias laterais polares, diminuindo o Ph e a concentração dos aminoácidos na solução, estando mais disponíveis para ragir com a cetona do aldeído da glicose. A degradação de lisina foi significativa nas amostras de nutrição parenteral suplementadas com arginina, possivelmente devido ao pH da solução estar entre 7.5 e 7.6, facilitando a reação de Maillard entre a lisina e a glicose.

Pharmacological effects of arginine supplementation in rats with Walker 256 solid tumor. The effects of diet arginine supplementation for those with cancer are controversial. We evaluate the effects of dietetic supplementation with arginine over body weight, growth of tumor, metastatic dissemination, surviving time, amino acid metabolism, haematological changes of the rats with Walker 256 solid tumor. Intragastrical solutions with arginine at 4% and 6%, a standard diet (control) were administered to the animals. The supplementation with arginine was associated with a lower weight gain during the study period (p<0.05). Surviving time of the rats with solid tumor did not vary significantly between the groups. The rate of metastase was lower in animals with Walker 256 solid tumor supplemented with arginine. The amino acid metabolism was estimulate in the animals after arginin supplementation at 4% and 6%, demonstrated by significant increases in blood levels of arginine, ornitine, citruline, proline and histidin when compared to the control group. Anaemia was less severe in the rats with Walker 256 solid tumor that received arginine supplementation. The results suggest that arginine 6% supplementation may have pharmacologic effect in rats with Walker 256 solid beyon the nutritional one.

Os efeitos da suplementação com arginina na dieta de portadores de câncer são controversos. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar os efeitos da suplementação dietética com arginina no cresciemnto tumoral, disserninação metastática, metabolismo de aminoácidos, alterações hematológicas, tempo de sobrevida e peso corporal de ratos Wistar com tumor sólido de Walker 256. Foram administradas soluções por via gástrica, contendo arginina nas concentrações de 4%, 6% e dieta padrão (controle). A suplementação com arginina inibiu a disseminação de células tumorais no modelo experimental, embora o crescimento tumoral não tenha sido afetado significantemente. O tempo de sobrevida dos animais com tumor sólido não foi afetado de forma significativa. Foi observado diminuição significativa do peso corpóreo após a administração da arginina a 6% (p<0.05). O metabolismo dos aminoácidos foi estimulado após ingestão de suplementos com arginina, evidenciado pelos aumentos significativos dos níveis sanguíneos de arginina, ornitina, citrulina, prolina e histidina quando comparados ao grupo controle (p<0.001). O grau de anemia no tumor sólido foi menos severo nos grupos que receberam suplementação com arginina, evidenciado através do hemograma (p<0.001) e da análise citológica. Os resultados sugerem que a suplementação dietética com arginina a 6% apresentou algum efeito benéfico no tumor sólido de Walker 256 que ultrapassa o efeito nutricional.

The potential participation of PAF-acether (PAF) on the paw oedema triggered by enterolobin was investigated. Intraplantar injections of enterolobin )5-20 µg/paw) yielded a dose response curve for edema which appeared after 30 min, peaked in the interval between 2-4 h and faded after 24h. The pre-treatment with BN 52021, but not with other PAF antagonists such as PCA 4248 or WEB 2086, significantly blocked enterolobin-induced oedema. To clarify better the discrepant results obtained with the PAF antagonists, desensitization to PAF was performed. The oedema triggered by enterolobin was not modified in paf desensitized animals. It was concluded that the paw inflammation induced by enterolobin does not require PAF mechanism.